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After three or four days of self-deprivation, weakness creeps into fraying muscles; a few days after that come intensifying waves of headaches, abdominal cramps and dizziness.

"Unfortunately it then spread to my abdominal cavity... now it is incurable."

Francis not only defied members of his own church, but also a long history of health problems that included previous respiratory infections as well as surgeries for colon and abdominal issues.

In June 2023, the pontiff underwent another operation under general anesthetic to remove scar tissue and repair a hernia in his abdominal wall, problems incurred by his previous colon surgery.

At the heart of this issue in India lies the pot belly, or in medical terms, abdominal obesity.