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So researchers interleave the data qubits with so-called ancillary qubits and establish a quantum link called entanglement between each ancilla and its neighbors.

For example, if the measurement shows the first ancilla is 0, it reveals only that the first and second coding qubits must be in the same state, but not which state that is.

If the ancilla is 1, then the measurement reveals only that the coding qubits must be in opposite states.

“I didn’t expect this feeling of mine. So now I’m really an American citizen — and so happy about that,” said 56-year-old Ancilla Alforque Abella, a native of the Philippines.

Steenbeke, who is Ancilla College’s head golf coach, credits Walorski with “calling people I don’t have access to.”