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The Straits are also the site of Anishinaabe creation stories, the waters from which the Great Turtle emerged to create Turtle Island, what is currently called North America.

Recognition of the day itself follows organizing by Indigenous peoples since the 1970s, said Mays, who is Black and Saginaw Anishinaabe.

Manitoba became the first province in Canada to elect a government headed by a First Nations member on Tuesday, as broadcasters predicted a win for the left-of-center New Democratic Party, led by Wab Kinew, who is Anishinaabe.

Just before Francis led a Mass during the visit, Sarain Fox, an Anishinaabe activist and filmmaker, and her cousin unfurled a banner with the words “Rescind the Doctrine” in a demonstration at the Sainte-Anne-de-Beaupré basilica near Quebec City.

Misty Rose Nace, 45, who is part of the Brokenhead Ojibway and the Roseau River Anishinaabe First Nations in Canada, came from her home in Mechanicsville, Pa., with her sons to dance at the powwow.