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“This idea of coloniality is still going on,” and the representations are carry-overs from colonial times, she said.

Vo Danh isn’t alone in his plight: Everywhere he looks in France he encounters others like him, whom coloniality has both ghosted and made ghosts of.

Dr. Lugones’s concept of the “coloniality of gender” paved the way for a new understanding of oppression and power, said her collaborator Catherine Walsh, a Latin American studies scholar at Simón Bolívar Andean University in Ecuador.

“There isn’t only now and here. There is elsewhere and somewhere too. Speak against the coloniality of the world, against the rote of despair it causes, in an always-loudening chant. Please keep loving.”

For her book “Crisis and Coloniality at Europe’s Margins: Creating Exotic Iceland,” Loftsdóttir interviewed a number of individuals who witnessed the 2008 crisis.