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“It’s the great feedback loop of television. You write very spare material; Ann adds so much, the director adds so much that it turns out different than you expected,” he said.

This bias can create a negative feedback loop, the paper warns, where the most-studied species keep getting studied and the “drab” species fade into the background, forgotten by both science and the public.

That often means “building better feedback loops through which different bits of the organization can negotiate with each other over unexpected problems.”

“These lead to addiction which leads to people being incarcerated, and it’s like a feedback loop.”

Still, as Yarrow points out, many of these efforts were caught in a feedback loop of consumerism that involved being tarted up in a bad-girl aesthetic to sell merchandise or goose sales.