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Relatives of sea horses and pipefish, sea dragons have long narrow snouts that they use like a straw to suck up meals of microscopic crustaceans.

This is a special moment, capturing the meeting of the seagrass shrimp and the seagrass pipefish in Spanish waters.

And it’s not just mothers — in syngnathid fishes, such as pipefish and seahorses, the males that incubate the eggs can also pass on immune components.

My back garden is gin-clear water – pipefish and turtles my nosy neighbours.

The reported effect is an interesting instance of sexual conflict, which is ubiquitous among animals, said Sarah Flanagan, a pipefish expert at the University of Canterbury in New Zealand.