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However, something called the Q-factor—which combines elements like eloquence, team-building skills, and creativity—might help.

It takes a while to nail down: The authors found that calculating a scientist’s Q-factor requires at least 20 papers and 10 years of citations.

Sinatra, meanwhile, says she hasn’t calculated her own Q-factor.

All of those nonrandom differences between people—eloquence, team-building skills, and creativity—boiled down to a parameter in the model called Q. The authors found that calculating a scientist’s Q-factor requires at least 20 papers and 10 years of citations.