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They have also fed public disenchantment with the country’s political class as Portugal prepares to celebrate 50 years of democracy, following the Carnation Revolution that toppled a rightist dictatorship on April 25, 1974.

Mr. Macron has now deployed Mr. Attal, whose telegenic assurance and ready adaptability make him a natural protégé of the president, against the youthful rightist leader.

At home she pleased her rightist grassroots through measures to defend the traditional family, protect Italy's cultural heritage and try to stem migrant arrivals.

The tone of political discourse, even in mainstream politics, can contribute to forging ultra rightists, Lerner warned.

Several lawmakers from parties in Orpo's rightist coalition, which took office in mid-June, targeted journalist columnist Ida Eramaa in online comments over the weekend.