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But the doctors confirmed using a method called manometry that patients’ upper esophageal sphincters simply would not relax — not after a meal of a sandwich, glass of milk, and candy bar, nor after doctors used a catheter to squirt several ounces of air beneath the stubborn valve.

“Sand is the major ingredient in glass, and it was such good, clean sand here that the Boston and Sandwich Glass Company imported it up to Massachusetts,” said Ms. Hemsley, 62, of Millville.

Only the very sturdy and the very fragile seemed to survive, like the Sandwich glass and blue china dug up later on one New England beach.

After an hour in the pool, Dulles was ready for a light lunch: sandwich, glass of high-protein milk.