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For decades, eastern Oregon’s scablands—rocky patches of open terrain—were a refuge for people fighting wildfires in the surrounding forests.

Descending from the pass takes you into shrub-steppe landscape and scablands scattered with countless “irregulars,” or giant boulders, ranging from the size of a fridge to two-story houses.

They have popped up in the scablands of eastern Washington and along Lake Michigan.

Then he turned north and descended into the Washington scablands, a tortured landscape shaped by a series of cataclysms between twelve and fifteen thousand years ago.

These ripples, formed by fast running water, were strong evidence supporting a catastrophic flood draining Lake Missoula, providing the necessary huge amount of water end energy to carve the scablands into the bedrock.