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When the protons hit the tungsten, they kick showers of neutrons out of the target atoms through a process called neutron spallation.

The report proposes creating a new facility on the site of an existing spallation neutron source to test neutron-resistant materials for future reactors.

That knocks out neutrons in a process called spallation.

Two general types of reactions, known as spallation and fragmentation, are distinguished.