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These can provide information as to whether the carbon originates from a plant or from the atmosphere or was released from a subducted rock.

The oceanic crust along the coast of the Atlantic is old and heavy, so it is primed to subduct, but before it can do so, it must break and bend.

The zone where the islands switched from being subducted to being accreted would have been under incredible strain and been ripped apart.

Continental tectonic plates, unlike their dense oceanic cousins, are thick and buoyant, so they don’t easily sink, or subduct, into the mantle during collisions.

The deep ocean is never preserved, but instead is lost to time as the seafloor is subducted.