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“This is completely unfalsifiable,” says Robert Stern, a plate tectonics expert at the University of Texas at Dallas.

These theories have either been debunked entirely or fall into the unfalsifiable category of speculative fiction.

Vacuous truths are seen as more absurd than false, since they are often unfalsifiable and may not even make contact with reality.

Welcome to the “Through the Looking Glass” world of unfalsifiable beliefs: Time was, obsessives about the John F. Kennedy assassination said that the complete absence of evidence of a conspiracy proved the conspiracy’s diabolical thoroughness.

Unfortunately, that is not always the case—for example, when unfalsifiable ideas like “the existence of the multiverse” and “we live in a simulation” are celebrated by mainstream scientists.