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“It is the consistency of, say, honey. It is very, very viscous,” says Dr Burke.

To prevent damage from acid and microbes, conservators usually remove water from these artifacts by freeze-drying or using a process that replaces the water with highly pressurized carbon dioxide or a viscous polymer.

You'll still have a viscous cranberry liquid without the need for as much sugar, since cooking concentrates some of the bitter compounds, making them more pronounced in your dish.

The resulting tar was black, viscous, and had a similar chemical composition to the potential tar crystals found in the hearth at Vanguard Cave.

Electrospinning using a starch-rich ingredient such as white flour is more challenging than using pure starch, as the impurities -- the protein and cellulose -- make the mixture more viscous and unable to form fibres.