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Politically, she had espoused clear, conservative positions since at least her high school days, recalled classmates at the prestigious Lycée Lyautey in Casablanca, where she spent part of her adolescence.

Lyautey served in Morocco, Algeria, Madagascar and Indochina when they were under French control, and later was France’s minister of war during World War I.

One statue was of Hubert Lyautey, near the gold-domed Invalides monument that houses Napoleon’s tomb.

General Lyautey’s immense power allowed Wharton to travel in luxury and without much fear.

The most compelling moments in Wharton’s writing come when she and Lyautey’s entourage are invited indoors, into the company of other women.