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This line of inquiry follows animal model and stem cell studies in which efavirenz reduced the accumulation of both amyloid beta and tau.

The findings, which have been published by The Journal of Comparative Neurology, offer a compelling new explanation for commonly described brain pathologies observed in Alzheimer's disease, including amyloid-beta plaques, tau tangles, and spongiform abnormalities.

Alzheimer's disease pathology was measured using PET scans with tracers that bind to amyloid plaques and tau tangles that accumulate in the brains of people with Alzheimer's disease.

The new blood test, which is based on the measurement of so-called tau and TDP-43 proteins, could provide decisive evidence for diagnosis.

"Our study found early suspicions of memory problems by both participants and the people who knew them well were linked to higher levels of tau tangles in the brain."